Age+of+Anxiety

Functionalism: a building should have a purpose, not be pretty

Stream –of-consciousness technique: The focus of the author is on one character. The author shares all of the thoughts of that character rather than acting as an omniscient narrator.

Dawes Plan: Charles G. Dawes' plan for a reparations committee to reduce the reparations that Germany would pay, and then adjust the level from year to year based on Germany's prosperity. Additionally, Germany would be allowed to receive loans from the US to pay reparations to France and England, who in turn would repay their loans to the US. The unending circle led to the spread of the Depression from England to the continent.

Mein Kampf- (My Struggle) Hitler's theories and programs for the Nazi party that he wrote while in prison. It detailed how he intended to control the governmenta and oppress inferior races.

Great Depression- A worldwide economic depression preceding World War II. In most countries it started in 1929 and lasted till late 1930's or early 1940's. The depression originated in the U.S when stock prices started to fall and then the stock market crash happened on October 29 1929. The Great Depression effected almost every country, rich and poor.

New Deal - Franklin Delano Roosevelt’s plan to reform capitalism through forceful government intervention in the economy

WPA - Works Progress Administration, set up in 1935. The most famous of Roosevelt’s New Deal programs, it employed one-fifth of the entire labor force at some point in the 1930s, constructing public buildings, bridges, and highways.

Popular Front: the communists, socialists, and radicals formed an alliance for the nation elections because they were all afraid of the growing strength of the fascists. this reflected the trend toward polarization. number of communists increased in the parliament socialist became the strongest party in france. while the moderate radicals "slipped badly" and the conservatives lost to the semifascists

Friedrich Nietzsche: he was a philosophical cat who rejected Christianity as "slave morality" and wrote as a prophet in a poetic fashion. In 1872 he wrote a piece stating that since Athens, the West has overemphasized rationality and limited the passion and animal instinct that drives human behavior and creativity. Nietzsche is most famously quoted as saying "God is dead" because he thought God was killed by Christians no longer believing in him. Nietzsche also thought that morality (reason, democracy, progress, respectability) were overrated and suffocating self-discovery and excellence. He was an overall dreary guy who saw the world as a hopeless place and the only way to live in it was to except everything sucks. He fit perfectly into post WW1 society because after the atrocities of the war, people began to doubt God and see that life was pretty crappy.

Henri Bergson: a French philosopher, he preached to many young people through his writing that experience and intuition are as important as rational and scientific thinking for understanding what's actually going on. He also thought that a religious experience or fancy poem were available and more understandable than a scientific law or mathematical equation. In a world where people were doing irrational things like blowing each other's brains out, it made more sense to people that rationality wasn't as important.

Georges Sorel, syndicalism: a French socialist, he said that Marxian socialism was merely a religion, not a scientific truth, because it was unprovable. Sorel thought that all working people would come together in a big ole strike so socialism would triumph over capitalism. He also rejected democracy and believed the new socialist society masses would be controlled by a small revolutionary elite.

Ludwig Wittgenstein: While he published few books during his life, his Philosophical Investigations was posthumously published and received critical acclaim. He strove to find a logical relationship between propositions and the world.

Logical empiricism: After WWI, many people were disillusioned with life. They felt that studying the typical philosophical issues was a waste of time because nothing could be proved. This led to the rejection of traditional philosophy (existence of God, meaning of happiness) in favor of studying the logical clarification of thoughts, which became the study of languages and expressing one's thoughts.

Existentialism: A dark, depressing, atheistic viewpoint that says we all merely exist in a meaningless life. The only meaning that one could possibly find is through their actions. It reflected the hopelessness that people felt after WWI

John-Paul Sartre: An existentialist who claimed that one could only find meaning through choosing their actions.

George Orwell, 1984: Dystopian novel written in 1946, closely mirrors life in a totalitarian state, particularly Nazi germany.

“New Physics”: The revision of physics in the age of anxiety that stated that nothing in the universe except the speed of light is constant and all other answers are relative to the observer's viewpoint.

Max Planck: created quantum mechanics which is also known as quantum physics or the quantum theory. it shows a dual particle/wave like behavior and its interactions with energy.

Albert Einstein, theory of relativity: Einstein determined that time and space are relative to one's viewpoint. He claimed that the speed of light is the only constant, confusing people more.

Ernest Rutherford: a scientist proved that atoms could be split. He found that neutrons were present in atoms. This new discovery confused many people who had relied on physics as a constant in their lives.

Bauhaus movement, Walter Gropius:

Pablo Picasso, Guernica: painted in cubism. He took the basic shapes to make a painting. It was strange...

Dadaism: concentrated its efforts on the anti-war messages, while portraying the meaningless of the modern world as the artists/ authors saw it through their own eyes.

Surrealism: branched off of the art form of dadaism and showed the random meaningless of life. it was basically a revolt against all common forms of art practiced at the time.

Salvador Dali:surrealist painter best known for his striking and bizarre images one of his works was "the persistence of memory" (the melting clocks)

Igor Stravinsky: composer, pianist, and conductor. Famous for three operas : The Firebird, Petrushka, and The Rite of Spring

Weimar Republic: Government of germany from 1918-1933, mostly democratc and moderate in nature, named for their founding area, Weimar.

John Maynard Keynes, //Economic Consequences of the Peace, 1919://

Ruhr Crisis, 1923:

Locarno Pact, “spirit of Locarno”:

Kellogg-Briand Pact, 1928: When the European leaders all met and pinky-promised never to go to war again! Prester John rode in on a unicorn with a ukelele, and the rainbows came out with the bunny rabbits and leprechauns and they all held hands and sang Kumbaya!

Keynesian economics: John Maynard Keynes denounced the Treaty of Versailles in //Economic Consequences of the Peace.// He felt that the war reparations and harsh economic measures would result in a weakened Germany that would only weaken other countries. The treaty had to be revised to save Germany and Europe from and economical crisis.